What Is Qurbani and Why Do Muslims Perform It?
Qurbani, or the Festival of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha), is an important Islamic ritual that honors the unwavering faith and obedience of Prophet Ibrahim (AS). Muslims perform Qurbani to commemorate the moment when Allah (SWT) replaced Prophet Ibrahim’s son, Ismail (AS), with a ram to be sacrificed instead.
This act is not only a display of devotion and submission to Allah but also a significant act of charity. The sacrificed animal’s meat is distributed equally into three parts: one for the family, one for relatives and friends, and one for the needy.
Why Qurbani Is Performed
- Religious Obligation: Qurbani is a Sunnah Mu’akkadah (highly recommended act) for Muslims who are eligible (those who meet the Nisab threshold).
- Spiritual Purification: It symbolizes the purification of wealth and intention.
- Charitable Act: A vital form of charity, reflecting the Islamic values of generosity and social support.
Qurbani Rules According to the Quran and Hadith
1. Story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS)
Allah commanded Prophet Ibrahim (AS) to sacrifice his son as a test of faith. When he proved his devotion, Allah sent Angel Jibreel (AS) with a ram to be sacrificed instead. This moment marks the origin of Qurbani.
2. Hadith on Meat Distribution
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) instructed:
“Feed your family with one-third, give one-third to your neighbors, and donate one-third to the poor.”
(Ibn Abbas, Hadith reference)
It is strictly prohibited to:
- Sell any part of the Qurbani animal (meat, skin, fat, etc.).
- Pay the butcher with the meat of the sacrificed animal. However, gifting meat is allowed.
Qurbani Animal Rules
Not all animals are suitable for Qurbani. They must meet specific age, health, and physical criteria.
| Animal Type | Minimum Age | Qurbani Shares |
|---|---|---|
| Goat/Sheep | 1 year | 1 share |
| Cow/Buffalo | 2 years | 7 shares |
| Camel | 5 years | 7 shares |
Health Requirements:
- Must be free from disease or defects.
- Should not be blind or have over 30% vision loss.
- Must have at least half their teeth.
- No missing more than a third of their ears or tail.
- Should not be lame or extremely thin.
Qurbani Rules for Husband, Wife, and Family
Every adult Muslim who meets the Nisab requirement must offer their own Qurbani.
Key Family Guidelines:
- Individual Obligation: Each eligible family member (husband, wife, adult children) should give their own Qurbani.
- Joint Qurbani: A husband and wife may jointly sacrifice a larger animal (such as a cow or camel), provided each contributes one share.
- Children: Parents may offer Qurbani on behalf of their minor children, though it is not obligatory.
For example:
- 1 goat/sheep = 1 share (for one person)
- 1 cow/camel = 7 shares (for up to seven people)
Most families choose a cow or camel to cover multiple members in one sacrifice.
Conclusion: Honoring the Spirit of Sacrifice
Qurbani is a deeply spiritual and communal act that strengthens faith, supports the poor, and honors the legacy of Prophet Ibrahim (AS). Whether you’re performing Qurbani as an individual or as a family, it’s crucial to follow the Islamic rules and ensure your sacrifice is done with sincerity and care.
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