The 28th of Safar is a deeply mournful day for Muslims worldwide, as it marks the Shahadat of Imam Hassan (A.S) — the second Imam of Shia Islam and the elder grandson of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Known for his wisdom, patience, and unwavering commitment to Islamic values, Imam Hassan (A.S) lived a life of humility and sacrifice, ultimately martyred through poison in one of Islam’s most heart-wrenching tragedies.
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Early Life of Imam Hassan (A.S)
Born on 15th Ramzan 3 A.H. in Madinah, Imam Hassan (A.S) was the first grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). His parents were Imam Ali (A.S) and Bibi Fatimah Zahra (S.A) — making him not only from the Ahlul Bayt but also the direct descendant of both the Prophet and the Lion of Allah.
From a very young age, Imam Hassan (A.S) was known for:
- Deep intelligence
- Generosity
- Soft-hearted nature
- Spiritual maturity
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) loved him dearly and is reported to have said:
“Hassan and Hussain are the leaders of the youth of Paradise.” (Hadith – Tirmidhi)
Leadership After Imam Ali (A.S)
After the martyrdom of Imam Ali (A.S) in 40 A.H., Imam Hassan (A.S) became the rightful leader of the Muslim Ummah. However, this was a time of intense political strife. The ruler of Syria, Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, opposed Imam Hassan’s caliphate and created a powerful campaign to undermine his leadership.
Despite his rightful authority and support from thousands, Imam Hassan (A.S) saw the dangers of war and loss of innocent Muslim lives. In the best interest of the Ummah, he signed a peace treaty with Muawiyah in 41 A.H.
Conditions of the Treaty
- Muawiyah would not appoint a successor.
- He would follow the Quran and Sunnah.
- The people would not be harmed.
- Imam Hassan (A.S) would retain spiritual leadership.
Despite these agreements, Muawiyah violated almost all the terms after gaining power.
The Shahadat of Imam Hassan (A.S)
In 50 A.H., Muawiyah feared Imam Hassan (A.S)’s influence and wished to secure the caliphate for his son Yazid. As a result, he plotted the assassination of Imam Hassan through poison. His wife Ja’dah bint Ash’ath was bribed and promised marriage to Yazid in exchange for killing her husband.
She poisoned Imam Hassan (A.S), causing severe internal bleeding. He endured pain for days but remained patient and devoted to Allah. Eventually, on 28th Safar, he departed this world.
He was just 47 years old at the time of his martyrdom.
Disrespect After Death
Imam Hassan (A.S) wished to be buried beside his grandfather Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), but Aisha (wife of the Prophet) and Muawiyah’s supporters opposed it. When Imam Hussain (A.S) proceeded with the funeral, enemies attacked his coffin with arrows, forcing the family to divert the burial.
He was finally laid to rest in Jannat-ul-Baqi, the famous graveyard in Madinah.
How Muslims Observe 28th Safar
The Shahadat of Imam Hassan (A.S) is a day of mourning for Shia Muslims and many Sunnis who honor the Ahlul Bayt. It is observed with:
- Majalis (gatherings)
- Recitation of Quran & Ziyarat
- Speeches on his life and values
- Charity and acts of kindness in his name
Countries like Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Lebanon hold major processions to remember his sacrifice.
Lessons from the Life of Imam Hassan (A.S)
1. Peace Over War
Imam Hassan (A.S) avoided civil war for the greater unity of Muslims.
2. Stand Against Tyranny
Despite injustice, he never compromised on Islamic principles.
3. Patience in Adversity
From betrayal to martyrdom, his patience was unmatched.
4. Generosity
He was known for helping the poor and freeing thousands of slaves.
Conclusion
The Shahadat of Imam Hassan (A.S) on 28th Safar is more than a historical event; it is a reminder of the values of peace, patience, justice, and sacrifice. His martyrdom, like that of Karbala, urges the Ummah to rise above divisions and follow the true spirit of Islam.
May Allah elevate the rank of Imam Hassan (A.S) and guide us to embody his noble example.
“Indeed, Allah is with the patient.” (Surah Al-Baqarah: 153)